Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or on the walls of the uterus, which is the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy. They are made up of muscle and connective tissue and can vary greatly in size – from as small as a seed to as large as a grapefruit or even bigger.
Key Points about Uterine Fibroids
- Commonality: Fibroids are common; many women will have them at some point in their lives. It’s estimated that 40% to 80% of women will develop fibroids by the time they reach menopause.
- Types: There are different types of fibroids based on where they grow:
- Intramural fibroids: These grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
- Submucosal fibroids: These protrude into the inner cavity of the uterus.
- Subserosal fibroids: These grow on the outer surface of the uterus.
- Symptoms: Not all women with fibroids experience symptoms. However, for those who do, symptoms can include:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding or prolonged periods.
- Pain or pressure in the pelvic area.
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
- Pain during sex.
- Back pain or leg pain.
- Causes: The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but hormones (like estrogen and progesterone) and genetics may play a role. They tend to grow when hormone levels are high, such as during pregnancy, and may shrink after menopause when hormone levels drop.
Treatment Options
If fibroids cause significant symptoms, treatment options may include:
- Medications: Hormonal treatments can help manage symptoms, such as heavy bleeding.
- Surgery: In more severe cases, procedures like myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be considered.
- Non-surgical options: Procedures like uterine artery embolisation can reduce blood flow to the fibroid, causing it to shrink.
While uterine fibroids are common and often harmless, they can lead to discomfort and other issues for some women. If you experience troubling symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and potential treatment options.